Domestic valve business and more without adjustment of the strong product is the key

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steel making technology – China Manufacturer
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Valve as a fluid transfer components, with the national economy, especially the development of the national coal chemical industry

and equipment manufacturing. New demands on the liquid-solid two phase flow, the valve: high temperature, high pressure, wear,

corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, thermal cycle and zero leakage. In this way, the metal sealing ball will be rapid

development.

Valve manufacturing for more than 5 million yuan of output value of 77.3, about 70 percent of the valve output. China Valve

Association statistics juice annual sales total of 773 enterprises in 2005 was 25.935 billion yuan, can be presumed to 2005 valve

output value of 36.144 billion yuan. And more than 20 owned exploration experts to visit, in accordance with their forecast for

2010 valve years total sales of 6.736 billion yuan.

Chinese customs statistics, the valve\\ s total exports in 2005 was $ 760 million. Valve in 2010 exports amounted to $ 2.009

billion. 7005 afternoon, the total imports of $ 2.259 billion. Valve in 2010 imports amounted to $ 3.632 billion. China National

Bureau of Statistics 2005 domestic total demand valve for $ 6.169 billion (domestic sales + imports – exports). Valve in 2010 the

total demand of $ 11.46 billion.

In 2005, the demand valve is about 20% of the total demand, ie, $ 1.233 billion, 23% of total demand is expected in 2010, or $

2.52 billion. 10% of the metal sealing ball valve demand the ball valve demand estimated that about 960 million yuan in 2005, is

expected to grow to 1.96 billion yuan of annual demand in 2010.

The valve industry is an important branch of our general-purpose machinery. Their products as a fluid control devices are widely

used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, electricity, urban construction, environmental protection and other industries. At

present, the valve manufacturing industry is in a very favorable development opportunity,

(1) sustainable economic development. The gradual expansion of investment in fixed assets. Several centuries, \"Natural Gas\" and

\"West\" and \"South\" and started the project requires a lot of valve products matching;

(2) With the accession to the WTO, international trade, the threshold lower and developed countries, the adjustment of product

structure, China is gradually to become the world\\ s largest plant of this trend appeared, the manufacture of valve products are

facing more room for development.

So how to seize the strategic opportunity to accelerate the development of the valve industry. Industry professionals from the

following aspects are analyzed:

Actively promote the consolidation and reorganization among enterprises, as soon as possible to create a number of grade scale

enterprise groups.

Valve industry currently produces about 5,000 more than the annual sales income over 5 million only seven, more than one billion

three companies with more than 200 million yuan a no. Domestic market share only in SUFA a business more than 2% of the rest were

below 1%. The firm size is difficult to shocking in the market, and competition with the industry internationally renowned

enterprises is even more difficult. To change this situation as soon as possible, in addition to the enterprise\\ s own growth

factors, the most effective way is through the joint between enterprises, merger, reorganization to achieve corporate expansion

capital to further expand market share, remain unbeaten in the competition. This is the more popular in today\\ s international

economic field, but also the direction of future development of industry during the valve. Should emancipate our minds on this

issue, according to the 16th CPC National Congress proposed \"new breakthroughs in reform, the development of new ideas,\" the

requirement to break the district boundaries, breaking the boundaries of ownership, breaking the traditional division of

professional boundaries. Inter-enterprise joint may be bold to do to try and strive to create a number of output value over 500

million, or 10 billion of enterprise groups in 3-5 years time.

Second, we must attach importance to the adjustment of product structure, the courage to technological innovation, research and

development of high value-added and international leading level products.

China\\ s valve industry is now capable of producing more than a dozen categories of products. Such as gate valve, cut-off valves,

ball valves, butterfly valves, safety valves, check valves, throttle valves, plug valves, pressure reducing valves, diaphragm

valves, steam traps, emergency shut-off valve, the maximum use temperature of 570 ° C, the lowest – 196 ℃, the maximum pressure

of 600MPa, the maximum diameter 5350MM. Although these products are effective support for the construction of the domestic

economy, but it should be clear to see most of our products is a general technical content or labor-intensive products, very few

international leading level. West to East in charge of line tender, our valve business is all lost is a regrettable fact.

Learn from their mistakes. National industry to revitalize the valve industry to develop technological innovation must be

implemented, the adjustment of product structure, must have the courage to research the development of high technology content,

labor and high added value with international advanced level of valve products, such as control valves and automatic valves valve,

links confluence wide, three-way diverter valve, safety valve; full welded ball valve class metal seal and high parameters of

large diameter valves; and power plant super-critical C12-A alloy steel valves. Implementation of technological innovation

research and development of new products a couple of choices, first, through cooperation and research institutions, such as the

recently Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory and the Chinese Academy of Sciences under the \"three-dimensional co-developed power

plant boiler main steam valve has a leading international level of product, the \"pressure drop\" significantly below the

international standard in the power plant industry has a very prospects; foreign cooperation or the introduction of technology in

the form of Zigong High Pressure Valve Co., Ltd. and Italy Xin Bilun cooperation to shorten our gap with foreign countries in the

ball valve products. In addition to the above practice, qualified enterprises can be developed independently.

Third, the implementation of a diversified marketing strategy to open up international markets and expanding exports.

China Valve Association statistics show that our valve industry production capacity of a serious surplus of about 40% of the

production capacity of emptying the face of such a huge production capacity surplus, the most effective method is the

implementation of diversified marketing strategy, and vigorously develop the international market. The current international

market every year about the exit valve 60-70 billion, China exports 1.5 billion, less than 2% of the amount of edge potential.

Open up international markets should first focus on the talents of foreign trade training, a group of foreign professionals

operating knowledge of foreign languages; Second, we must learn to use the Internet and information technology, make the customers

to capture opportunities; third and domestic foreign trade companies to expand its channel exports; fourth conditional enterprises

outside the set point of sale, or to set up factories. In recent years, Shandong the Yidu valve factory and Suzhou 526 plants

achieve better market diversification. Exports a significant increase in proportion to ease the problem of insufficient domestic

orders. Open up international markets but also to pay attention to our own advantage, selecting the right export products, mainly

on the export of labor-intensive products such as valves in Universal In addition, the rough casting semi-finished products export

prospects are also very good.

Fourth, improve enterprise management, implementation and management of innovation, deepen enterprise reform, the implementation

of institutional innovation in China valve industry is in a new round of alternating with the restructuring period.

State-owned enterprises, the proportion has been declining, the rapid development of private, foreign-funded enterprises. Assets

ratio of China\\ s valve industry at this stage, the private accounts for 40%, 30% state-owned, and the remaining three-owned

military enterprises occupy is expected that the share of private and foreign-funded enterprises will be further expanded in the

next few years, according to incomplete data estimation; . Now Wenzhou private enterprises developed rapidly, and a considerable

number of enterprises with certain scale and strength, such as Bethel, Yong, Zhejiang dimensional Lee and other enterprises.

Current industry state-owned enterprises, most of the heavy burden due to historical reasons, the mechanism is not live,

operational difficulties, but many companies still equipment, personnel, technology, brand and other advantages; by deepening

reform and institutional innovation to address the immediate difficulties to fully revitalize the stock of assets to achieve the

diversification of property rights, the establishment of modern enterprise system. For the rapid development of private

enterprises, although the mechanism of the shortcomings and historical baggage, but its development process to focus on raising

the level of enterprise management, implementation and management of innovation, to avoid falling into the stereotypes of \"family\"

and \"paternalistic\" management. In short, the valve industry is full of hope.

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A brief analysis of the shopping bag making machine

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zipper attachment machine – China Manufacturer
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Shopping bag making machine works as follows:
Shopping bag machine ultrasonic welding, free with needle and thread, eliminating the trouble of frequent change of needlework,

traditional suture break joints, but also on textiles, the local shear and seal of neat. The suture also played a decorative role,

cements the strong waterproof effect can be achieved, clear embossed surface more three-dimensional relief effect, work faster,

better products more upscale appearance; quality assurance.
    Shopping bag making machine bags machine, ie, non-woven bag machine, the main features of environmental protection, but they

can be used multiple times.
    Shopping bag making machine is mainly divided into semi-automatic shopping bag machine and automatic shopping bag machine.
Shopping bag making machine s features are as follows:
Low cost 5-6 times more than conventional machines is coming, and high efficiency.
    Using ultrasonic and special steel wheels processing, seal the edge does not crack, not to hurt the edge of the cloth, and no

flash, curling phenomenon.
    (3) the time of manufacture without warm-up and continuous operation.
    Easy, and not much different from the traditional sewing machine operation, ordinary sewing workers can operate.
    (5) the use of special alloy steel production of flowers round mold according to customer needs to develop a variety of

complex flower-shaped pattern; welding head wear resistance and long service life, will find it easier to spend mold disassembly,

partial core-type regulator, flexible, quick level high.
Shopping bag making machine basic process:
On the material (non-woven membrane) → folding → ultrasonic bonding → cutting → bag (notching) → → waste recycling count →

stacking.
     The basic process of shopping bag making machine can be fully automated, just 1 or 2 person operation, production rate and

product size multi-function fully automatic non-woven bag making machine can be adjusted within a certain range to use touch

screen operation, together with the stepper type fixed-length, photoelectric tracking accurate and stable (running), automatic

counting (alarm can be set to count), automatic drilling and other industrial installations.
     In order to further achieve the effect of energy saving and environmental protection, more than expected recovery functions

in the production process, and will automatically collect the bag the remaining waste in the production process contribute to

secondary use, reduce labor intensity, increase work efficiency.

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What is the gantry erection method and its role?

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    Gantry installation methods:
1, first check the foundation of compliance with regulatory requirements, the basis of the gantry, shall meet the following requirements: A, the bearing capacity of soil compaction should be not less than 80kPa. B, pouring C30 concrete thickness of 500mm. C, the surface of the base should be flat, horizontal deviation is less than 10mm. D, the basis of the surrounding drainage measures, shall not have a water soak basis.
2, prior to installation, first check the straightness of the gantry, the parallelism of the rails, rail junction dislocation, after installation of the column, requires a vertical check in both directions, the inclination should ensure that the 1.5 ‰ or less, not up to standard, should be in the chassis plug pad tabs until adjusted to meet the requirements so far.
3, placed in the ground beam and the first assembly to the pulley to be connected to the chassis, looking for a good level, tighten the bolt.
4 Place the jack-up platform in place, overlap the set of frame centerline and column centerline.
5, the first column standard section into a set of frame at the bottom of and to beam bolted find the positive fastening.
6, will enhance the pulley assemblies placed in the top of the installed two columns.
7, the installation manual winch from the peace and prosperity on stage, in accordance with regulations around the rope put on the hoist wire rope.
8, the derrick is installed on the stage of self-peace and prosperity.
9, the use of manual hoist to enhance the self-elevating platform, until the table and column top surface is flush, remove the upgrade pulley assemblies placed on the platform.
10 derrick installed a second set of standard section, and will enhance the pulley assemblies placed in the second group of the top of the standard section.
11 Repeat steps 9 to enhance the platform to the column top surface.
12, install the pole and tighten more than the connecting bolts, check the vertical deviation, standard section installed and adjusted to meet the requirements.
13, the installation of winches.
14, into the basket, adjust the levelness of the lift basket and the clearance of the guide shoe wheel and rail contact surface, and then install two pairs of wedge components meet the design requirements.
15, the wedge component must be installed on both sides of the channel cylinder about the same level in the lift basket, the only point of the wedge mentioned in place to hold together, and then wedge welded to the channel body, welding You must meet the design requirements.
16, the broken rope protection system installation, lift movable pulley axis and lift basket to the load-bearing beams overlap, the installed lift movable pulley can rotate flexibly, spring tension plate and the pulley gland and the seat body axial clearance, compression spring compression , two-wire gap is greater than or equal to 0.1d (d is the wire diameter) alignment of the four groups.
17, to install a lever to connect the hinge.
Four wedge adjustment by adjusting bolt 18, the rocker hinge, after the installation of the pattern size position, rotation should be flexible arm plate centerline angle should be consistent with movable pulley shaft when the lift raised to the vertex of the seat body, embrace the friction surface rail contact surface gap of 15mm, lift movable pulley shaft down to the next stop point, wedge elevated to TDC (clamping state).
19, discharge protection turned on the door, flexible, and open the door and latch freely. Tension springs in the arm, then to bypass the wire rope guide sheave and the gate phase. Sliding Siemens adjust the tension spring tension when the door is opened, the wedge must be mentioned that the only point (door shaft center from the the Drawstring hole center 100mm), At this point, the door frame lifts the basic installation is ready. Here is how to achieve lift.
20, the third set of standard sections into the basket to enhance the hanging blue to near the limit the height of, and then use the derrick installed the third set of standard section will enhance the pulley assemblies at the top of the section III, the standard section, and then repeat steps 9 lifting platform.
21, erected a good section III, should be done the gantry vitro closed scaffolding. Assembled the first feed door, and do oblique support to deal with the floor height in the magnetic switch installed on the frame tube bracket, you can put into use.
22, when the gantry erection of more than 12m in height should be set at the first layer of the first attached to the wall rod, after each interval 6m additional one. Increased rod section, outside the closed scaffolding and attached simultaneously, smooth as a criterion to prove that the door frame.

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Baby clothes

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boutique girls clothes – China Manufacturer
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1 to 3 months of infancy
Thermoregulation function is imperfect, delicate skin, weak immune system, while the activity more, sweating more, the sebaceous glands, such as the choice inappropriate, harmful substances easy invasion through the delicate skin of babies and increase the chance of infection. So, for a 3 month-old baby a scientific choice of clothing, the baby s physical and mental health. To select a warm, soft and moisture absorption, good clothes texture and color is easy to light-colored cotton cloth, easy to wash. Summer cloth, the other seasons available thin flannel. The style should be relaxed, simple and appropriate. Required to wear off, not too small.
Infants under 4 months later
Four months after the infant self in the bed, safe and comfortable, appropriate clothing styles, especially the underwear should not have big buttons, zippers, buckles, pins and the like to prevent damage to the baby s skin or gargling the stomach . Can be used cloth tape instead of buttons, but to pay attention to the underwear cloth band do not get the neck to prevent strangulation infant.
7 to 9 month-old baby
Walk is the period of training to climb, they are a good move, easy to sweat, life can not take care of themselves, clothes dirty easily and break. Where, in spring and autumn, outside the cloth you want to select strong, easy to wash and moisture absorption, good breathable fabrics such as polyester, polyester cotton blend, pure polyester, acrylic, fabric, bright colors, sturdy, washable, quick-drying, but poor moisture absorption, easy to stick to dust, dirt. In the summer, wearing such clothes, baby will feel hot, Health and prickly heat, or even an allergic reaction occurs. Should choose a light colored cotton products, the basic principles of good moisture absorption and reflex of the sun.
10 to 12 month-old baby
Baby supplies have been able to gradually climb, will be gone, baby widening the scope of activities, they are curious about the world around them. Therefore, choose to make clothes for infants, it is necessary to consider the characteristics, but also pay attention to the needs of the infant age.
Important part of the summary and analysis of the People s Republic of China Infant clothing
October 1, 2008, the People s Republic of China first began to formally implemented specifically for the 24 months of age and under infant clothing standards “(hereinafter referred to as the” standard “). National norms Infant clothing to the child s health escort, parents remind parents to select the “harmless” clothing “can not be ignorant. According to the introduction of the” Infant clothing, are summarized in the following extra Note:
Infant clothing is not a fashion wear must pay attention to safety ~
A product not dry clean
Mostly because there is some dry cleaners commonly used chemicals, volatile substances, poor tolerance of infants and young children will have a negative stimulus affect its growth and development of the standards that may not use this method of cleaning products. And clear requirements on the product marked “Do Not Dry Clean” icon or text.
Buttons, zippers and metal accessories for the surface finish.
In order to prevent harm infant clothing wearing, the standards require that all the buttons on the products, decorative buttons, zippers and metal accessories no glitches, no touch sharp edges and other residual defects, and washing and ironing deformation does not change color , does not rust. Embroidery or hand-stitched ornament is not allowed to flash chips and granulated beads or sharp edge can be touched and cutting-edge material.
Style design of security
Standard requirements: infant clothing products neckline, cap side is not allowed to use the rope; finished on all exposed rope length must not exceed 14cm; pullovers collar Expand perimeter dimension not less than 52cm, all in order to avoid the product in use, hook, pull, pull the incidence of infant personal harm. Abroad have been young children because of the clothing rope door card pulled a traffic accident reports.
(4) handling of formaldehyde
Formaldehyde, also known as formalin, in medicine in liquid form as to preserve the body or organ specimens, can be used as industrial cleaning agents, the production of plastic raw materials, preservatives. Formaldehyde in the textile and garment industries mainly in dyeing auxiliaries, as well as resin finishing agent used for fiber, linen, colored, solid color, and play to improve wrinkle, shrink-proof effect. Part of the finished garment durable press Finishing additives containing formaldehyde ingredients. Medical experts believe that Formalin is a chronic poisoning drugs, containing Formalin textiles and clothing in the wearing process will gradually release free formaldehyde, respiratory and skin inflammation caused by the human respiratory tract and skin contact, but also irritation to the eyes. Long-term exposure to low doses of formalin can cause chronic respiratory diseases, menstrual disorders, pregnancy complications, caused by neonatal physical reduce chromosomal abnormalities, even nasopharyngeal carcinoma. High concentrations of formalin have toxic effects on the nervous system, immune system, liver.
Important part of the “People s Republic of infants knitted dress standard” summary and analysis
April 1, 2007, FZ / T 73025-2006 “infant knitted dress standard” formal implementation. The standard applies to infant knitted apparel products made of knitted fabric processing. Including underwear (sets), coats, pajamas, one-piece fitted, socks, foot, hat, bib, belly, gloves, sleeping bags, Bao Jin, bedding.
Provisions of the sewing process
The standards take full account of the characteristics of the infant s skin and clothing sewing techniques, special provisions, in order to prevent the damage of the thread wrapped around the fingers and toes of infants and young children, the standards require children s underwear, and even pants thread should be removed. Delicate skin of children, should avoid the the Kids surface durability identifies direct contact with the children s skin. The standard specifies underwear products a trademark for the thermal cutting, washing mark to nail the clothes out, to avoid irritating to the skin.
(2) the inherent performance
The standard provisions of biodegradable aromatic dyes were not detected, consistent with the national mandatory standards. Standards for water resistance, color fastness to perspiration of the superior product requirements more stringent than the standard of the national mandatory standards and other knitted products. China s exports of infant products due to belt, buttons fall off many cases causing the suffocation of infants and young children, causing major losses to the export enterprises and consumers, to increase the standard assessment belt, button sewing strong and provides a strong sewing test methods .
(3) classification assessment regulations
Standard quality grade of infants knitted apparel products classified as high-class product and first-class products and two products. The intrinsic quality of the infant knitted apparel products according to criticize the appearance of quality pieces of assessment, etc., a combination of both, to the lowest level. No qualified product level, thereby increasing the requirements of the standard starting point.
Now the market gentrification brand-name children s clothing occupy the market share example out: “the VIV & LUL the infant Zi Fang” YOLI, “Blue Cat”, “Mickey”, “Bob dog”, “Tong-ni rumor” cocoa duck “,” wisdom baby infant children s clothing, “” Brother Rabbit “,” Little Warrior Korea Kids “,” Omi sources “,” wow oh wow! “and other well-known brands in all cities everywhere, consumers Kids are increasingly focusing on brand-name.
In all brands, it is worth mentioning is wisdom baby infant clothing, the first of its kind to create a baby disinfect clothing, baby clothes independent closed the store, each bag has a bamboo charcoal bag, the harmful chemicals in the charcoal adsorption on clothing. Most potential infant clothing! Support the domestic
Common brands of infant children s clothing

Hong Kong Paul, Bob dog infant Zi Fang Disney Pooh brand apparel US children
Tong-ni ballad HELLO KITTY YOLI smart baby infant children s clothing Mummy Star
Ya multi-red indigenous languages ??Taobao Baby Ma Lading Disney Mickey
Ivy Bob dog, frog prince of the Tang Mu Jie Li, one thousand interest will Fa Mini, Beleriand
r100, cocoa duck An infant security infants Depot Harry. Betty Korea babies Square b2w2
Colorful Vitesse Wow Wow may be interested in can be odd Giordano Prince infants Zi Fang
Infants and the joy of colorful Viagra Mark Bear B ki Kala Bei Xiong Niushi Dan
Shen Belle playful dog who pocket the Fun World pig Banner ABC
Variety Mickey HBB, the Ami dogs barabara 1848 gold interesting shellfish, J2BABY
Little Warrior flying Kids ikidhouse Q-F Di Pui
The cloth chatter of cushions Bo Huixin I can be incredible origin of clothing Amoy Baolong
NINITA

Baby clothing design

Practical and necessary in the economy and fashion, infant clothing supplies.
Practical economy, from starting the physiological characteristics of the infant, baby love sweating, bowel function is not perfect, slow to adapt to the outside temperature, so the fabric requires not only absorb sweat, soft, but also resistant to washing.
Another characteristic of the infant body growth and development, in the outer flange design cuffs and Kukou, clothing wear time of the increase in sleep care supplies, sleeping bags expansion design to make the baby grow up to continue to be used as a quilt.
Adult installed in beautiful fashion, popular colors and patterns can not be entirely moved to the baby clothes, baby body characteristics to be selected applications in the baby s hat with the ears of small animals or insects tentacles as ornaments, fabric can be a cute little animals, flowers, small geometric designs as decoration, to choose a popular color in the color, but for babies, not be too deep too heavy.
Baby design he is different from the special child clothing, the birth of a newborn into this world, we have to use what kind of way to meet, to care, to ensure he s healthy growth, how to guide this young male child after to become the recipient of the world, the feelings of the United States and eventually become the creators, these are our design to take into account the problems.
Edit this paragraph
Baby clothing selection

First of all, baby underwear, outerwear requirements are different. Baby clothing, hygiene standards are high, the baby s underwear replacement frequency is much higher than the coat. Relative to a diverse range of coat color, baby underwear prices are relatively cheap. Parents to purchase clothing for their baby, to calculate the most reasonable proportion of underwear than twice as many in the coat. At the same time, the baby skin delicate, in the underwear of choice must be moisture, perspiration better natural fibers such as cotton fabric, as preferred. Coat in the functional pay attention to the practical role of the warm, wind and other Meanwhile, the baby growth rate Shaanxi, economic considerations, all kinds of clothes do not buy too much.
Secondly, the option of requesting a clear functional styles in baby clothing, it is necessary to facilitate the parents have to let your baby feel comfortable. Generally do not have buttons on the baby s clothing, is dangerous because of fear of the baby eating, so the switch to tie. This is to remind parents that choose not to look good on the baby s clothes do some unnecessary decorations or clothing accessories, to avoid damage to the baby. At the same time most suitable for the baby s collar round neck, will not let clothing friction baby neck and uncomfortable. Summer, the neckline to be lowered to increase, easier ventilation; winter on the contrary, to shrink, increasing the height of convenience warm. Worth the attention of the parents, the baby s optic nerve to develop improved, so the smaller the baby s clothing should not be irritating color such as red and green. The baby is concerned, the shoe is not too early to prepare the baby after eight or nine months learning to walk, the opportunity to wear socks than shoes, socks and prepare some more, because the socks are extremely easy to lost so it is best to choose the same style suit, if the missing one can still be paired wear. Farmer John s clothes are easy to loose, stretch one-piece fitted more suitable for babies.
Again, the principle of a larger size, to be treated differently. Pants, sweaters, sports Shandeng coat, the principle of a larger size. Roll up their trouser legs rolled up his sleeves, can wear one or two quarters. Personal underwear is necessary to avoid too large and lose a warm and comfortable.
The fabric composition of harmful substances in the children s clothing Fabric for formaldehyde and dyes. Parents buy children s clothing should be preferred cotton fabric, such as ordinary cotton or natural cotton products; followed by color fancy should be as simple as simple and elegant, rich and gaudy colors of clothing generally have high levels of formaldehyde, while the plain clothing and printing The pattern of children s clothing formaldehyde content is lower.

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structural steel electrode instead of cast iron electrode quick fix casting

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A cast iron and its domestic cast iron cold welding method electrode

1.1 The application of cast iron

The cast iron is the carbon content of greater than 2% of the cast iron alloy, which often contain a certain amount of silicon, manganese, elements

and sulfur, phosphorus impurities. According to the different status and the form of carbon in cast iron, cast iron can be divided into white cast iron,

gray iron, malleable iron and ductile iron four categories. Since cast iron has a low cost, good casting performance, easy machining and other

characteristics, and melting equipment, use of good performance, it is used to a large number of manufacturing parts, such as body, boxes, cylinders,

gears, crankshaft, roll, widely used in chemical industry, machinery, transportation and other industries.

1.2 cast iron welding

    The cast iron welding is mainly used to repair cast iron parts. Can be divided in accordance with the level of preheat temperature when welding cast

iron hot welding method (including heat welding method) and cold welding method. Wider application of cold welding method, compared with the

heat welding method, it has the following advantages:

A weldment without preheating, welding, saving heating equipment and energy consumption, lower costs;

2, after welding, thermal insulation material is simple and easy to find;

3, all-position welding of flat, vertical, horizontal and overhead position welding;

Weldment without preheating heating to improve the working conditions of the welders, reducing the labor intensity;

5, after welding without preheating simple insulation, heating and welding accelerate the welding progress, improve labor productivity;

6, the weld appearance than the heat welding method;

7, in the maintenance of equipment, you can not dismantle (or less discounted) equipment, spare parts, direct in situ release of welding, greatly

reducing maintenance time, to achieve rapid repair welding.

1.3 At present the common cold welding of cast iron law electrode performance characteristics

1.3.1 cast iron electrode

Cast iron electrode have cast 308,408,508,238,248,116,117,208,100, etc., of which the most widely used of the most widely used, there are three:

the cast of 308 pure nickel welding rod; cast 408 Inconel welding; cast 508 nickel-copper alloy welding. These electrodes cold welding cast iron, its

outstanding advantages: access to better crack resistance of the weld, the weld processing performance and stability. However, the following

inadequacies:

Its wire are nickel-based welding, due to shortage of resources of nickel, nickel-based electrode is expensive, more than 100 yuan per kilogram;

2 electrodes drug skin graphite electrode hygroscopicity, moisture higher;

3, the weld is easy to produce the internal pores and external pores;

4, welding thicker, oil jobs welding environment or high-temperature operation of the workpiece, the weld forming poor, poor fusion, and easy to

produce the undercut;

Electrode drug skin graphite, graphite is a conductor, and its resistivity is greater than the resistivity of welding core, so the drug skin is easy to redness

in the welding electrode can not be continuous welding, suitable only for segmentation welding by spot welding, process;

Weld color is white, with the base metal is not the same color in some of the special needs of occasions, a great pity;

7, can not be all-position welding, but can only use the flat welding position or a small area of ​​the vertical welding position;

8, poor weld tightness requirements to withstand the hydraulic pressure, water pressure conditions is more difficult.

1.3.2 The ordinary structural steel welding

They include the statement 426,427,506,507, etc.. These electrodes can be used to welding of gray cast iron, ductile iron, malleable cast iron, etc..

The good characteristics of structural steel electrode for all position welding of the three cast iron and weld fusion performance. However, it has the

following inadequacies:

1, the crack resistance of weld;

2, the weld processing performance is poor;

2, the weld tightness is poor;

3, weld spatter more;

4 weld stomatal more.

1.3.3 austenitic stainless steel welding

Their representative products are: Austria 132,136,137 electrode. These electrodes can be all-position welding part of the gray cast iron, ductile iron.

Selected electrode welding repair parts, the better the weld fusion. But there are the following shortcomings:

1, the weld crack resistance;

 2, the weld is easy to produce pores;

Weld hardness, its poor processing performance;

4, the air tightness of the weld;

5, the workpiece is thinner, the weld heat affected zone apt to crack;

In the oil operating environment, high-temperature operating environment welding, weld easy to produce lack of fusion.

2, a novel structural steel electrode modified cast iron electrode

2.1 The electrode characteristics

This electrode is divided into A, B categories. A-type electrode junction 506 electrode as a substrate, some kind of chemical powder, roll coating in the

original electrode drugs skin and subcutaneous transition, the new powder with the original drug skin adhesive that is, modified to be cast electrode. A

type cast iron electrode to adapt to the welding of gray, ductile, malleable iron.

B-type electrode Results 422 electrode as a substrate, two kinds of chemical powder mixture in the original electrode drug skin roll coating, the same

method by subcutaneous transition, the new powder with the original drug skin adhesive modified success. B-type cast iron adapt to the white cast

iron welding.

2.2 the advantages of the new cast iron electrode

This electrode is based on the nickel base welding rod to overcome the shortcomings of the establishment of the development of a practical

application is very common on the basis of structural steel electrode and a new cast iron electrode. It inherits the excellent welding characteristics of

the structural steel electrode, has the following advantages:

1, for all position welding of cast iron workpieces (B-type electrode should use the slope flat welding position);

2, the electrode is moisture resistant electrode welding without drying, storage, and easy to use;

3, good crack resistance of weld;

Weld pores;

5, the weld fusion, basically undercut;

Six occasions, which would ensure higher weld tightness;

7, weld processing is good;

Weld color and parent material similar to facilitate the sales of certain special occasions;

9, welding equipment, no special requirements, AC and DC welding machine can be (optional AC welder, the welder-load voltage should be greater

than 70 volts);

10, B-type cast iron electrode on the one hand to break the white cast iron can not be welded to the restricted area, on the other hand to fill the

varieties of white cast iron electrode gap;

11, the "production" electrode powder market to buy, the main raw materials for structural steel welding rod, and you can use with the production

compared with the nickel-based electrode, the price is extremely low (almost the price of structural steel electrode equivalent);

12, drug skin redness, continuous and arc welding, fast welding.

2.3 structural steel electrode modified cast iron electrode theory explains

Cast iron with high carbon content, low strength, poor plastic, rigid, easy to deformation, are extremely sensitive to the temperature difference, the

welding residual stress can not be the deformation of the base metal to disappear, so easy to produce cast iron welding, weld crack. .

Cast iron within the organization, on the other hand, there is a certain amount of silicon, welding, they gradually float to the surface of the base metal

into the silica, resulting weld is easy to produce lack of fusion, undercut, slag, porosity, and reduces the the weld cracking. Major role in the structural

steel electrode modified to add the powder just inhibit the side effects of silicon, and therefore significantly improve the crack resistance of welded

joints, and greatly reduces the possibility of other weld defects.

2.4 new special cast iron electrode welding process

To achieve effective control of the generation of welding defects, the quality of the electrode must be equipped with suitable welding process. This

cast iron electrode welding, in addition to compliance with the conventional cast iron cold welding method process, must also pay attention to the

following process requirements.

2.4.1 welded joints of non-penetration structures

Cast iron cold welding groove design and structural steel welding are very different. As the strength of the weld after the welding of the cast iron is

much higher than the parent metal and welded joint performance of the uniform, cast iron welding full penetration of the structure type can not be

used, must be left out of weld root. And, leaving the weld root can promote the full release of the welding residual stress; at the same time, leaving

the weld root will reduce the size of the weld, the welding deformation is also smaller. This stay in the weld root groove design will play an important

role to prevent welding cracks.

Welding, weldment structure and user needs to design a suitable type of groove. For example: the thickness is not too large, leak and pressure test

requirements of the butt joint can be sided with the root (blunt edge) of the Y-shaped or U-shaped groove (blunt edge part of the welding); thick,

bulky, In order to reduce the weld size, had to use double-sided Y or U-shaped groove, but must also stay out of the weld root welding. Should be

noted that double-sided groove welding joints can only reach the low strength of the performance requirements for leak-proof, pressure test

inspection requirements of the conditions is always difficult to meet.

Practice has proved that: cast iron welding, open Y-shaped or U-shaped groove can be welded successfully, no significant difference between the

welding quality, according to the weld location, as appropriate selection. J422 electrode to be easily opened to take a U-shaped groove, vertical

welding are thus preferred; other location of the weld groove, while Y-type is more common.

2.4.2 ensure that the welder has a high no-load voltage

No-load voltage level on the crack resistance of the weld welder, weld spatter, weld is good or bad, weld porosity, weld undercut a greater impact.

Tests to prove: cast iron welding, the higher the no-load voltage of the welder, weld pores, the less the better crack resistance, weld spatter less,

weld undercut less weld appearance, fast arc, and vice versa more weld defects. Therefore, in order to ensure that the casting welding repair,

welding, must be selected according to different welding equipment and its corresponding current stall, where appropriate, a higher no-load voltage

and control its not less than 70V.

In general, the greater the capacity of welding machine, its no-load voltage adjustable range, easy arc starting, welding quality is the most suitable for

welding cast iron welder. AC welder, the level of no-load voltage and current stall value into reverse changes for the greater DC welder, welding

current range values, correspondingly higher its no-load voltage.

2.4.3 uses a unique welding sequence

Correct welding sequence can effectively control the welding of cracks, increase the crack resistance of the weld, and fast welding.

For crack larger, more complex cast iron crack repair, on the one hand, can select a reasonable crack welding sequence, combined with the

stratification of each weld welding, not only can be achieved alternately kept arc welding, for fast welding purposes, and can effectively control the

weld interpass temperature, thereby increasing the crack resistance of welded joints (see 2.4.4); the other hand, cancel the stop hole, set aside a

certain length of the crack starting and ending at the appropriately welding site, to be the main parts of the welding is completed, then stay at the

welding welding (stay welding at the welding by the stress of the original crack at a compressive stress, so do not have to drill only the hole). Stay

after welding at the technology, will allow the weld residual stress by stay welding at the deformation effectively reduced, which effectively control

the production of welding cracks.

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Wear machine aluminum profiles of aluminum species

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Aluminum is a light metal and its compounds are very widespread in nature and resources of aluminum in the earth s crust is about 400 to 500 million tons, second only to oxygen and silicon,

with the third. Metal species, second only to iron and steel, the second largest category of metal. Aluminum has a special chemical, physical characteristics, not only light weight, texture,

Kennedy, and have good ductility, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, heat resistance and resistance to nuclear radiation is an important basic raw materials for national economic

development.
The proportion of aluminum is 2.7, density of 2.72g/cm3 about the general metal 1/3. The mechanical properties of industrial pure aluminum and purity, and the processing status of the

material. Due to the good plasticity of the aluminum, malleable, to facilitate a variety of cold and hot pressure processing, either made of only 0.006 mm thick aluminum foil, or you can

cold call into a very fine wire. By adding other elements to the aluminum alloy to make it harden, the intensity even more than structural steel, but still maintains the lightweight

advantages.
The production of aluminum ingot from bauxite mining, alumina production, aluminum electrolytic production processes posed.
Mainly three types of production of alumina bauxite: Gibbsite, a diaspore, a boehmite. In the proven global bauxite reserves, 92% weathered lateritic bauxite is gibbsite type bauxite is

characterized by low silicon, iron, high-Al-Si ratio, concentrated in the West Africa, Oceania and Central and South America. The remaining 8 percent is a sedimentary bauxite, is a boehmite

and diaspore type, in the low-grade, mainly in Greece, former Yugoslavia and Hungary. Taken due to the different characteristics of the three bauxite, alumina production enterprises in the

production of different production processes, mainly the Bayer process, the soda lime sintering and Bayer – sinter combined method of three. Usually high-grade bauxite using the Bayer

process production in low grade bauxite joint or sintering production. Bayer France due to its simple process, low energy consumption, has become the current alumina production in most major

a way, yield about 95% of the total global alumina production.
The production of aluminum can be divided into three major categories of side insert anode rod Soderberg, insert anode rod Soderberg and prebaked anode slot. Soderberg electrolytic aluminum

technology and equipment is simple, short construction period, less investment characteristics, but the flue gas can not handle the serious pollution of the environment, mechanization

difficult, labor-intensive and difficult large-scale, single-slot production is low, some not easy to overcome The disadvantage is the process of being phased out of production. At present,

most countries in the world and production companies in the use of large pre-baked anode, the trough of the current strength of more than 350KA, not only the high degree of automation, low

power consumption, single-slot high yield, but also meet the requirements of environmental regulations.
, Aluminum and aluminum products.
1, the aluminum production process: bauxite → aluminum → aluminum.
2, in accordance with the main ingredient in aluminum ingots can be divided into three categories: advanced pure aluminum (aluminum content of 99.93% -99.999%), industrial high purity

aluminum (aluminum content of 99.85% -99.90%), industrial pure aluminum (aluminum content 98.0% -99.7%).
3, in accordance with the aluminum ingot market product type can be divided into three categories: one is processing material, such as plates, tape, foil, tube, rod type, forging, powder,

etc.; a cast aluminum alloy rod mast cables ; a class is in the daily life of all kinds of aluminum products.
The main purposes of the three aluminum
Nearly fifty years, aluminum has become one of the world s most widely used metal. Especially in recent years, aluminum as an energy saving environmentally friendly materials, regardless of

the scope of application or dosage are to further expand. Especially the three major sectors of the aluminum consumption usually accounts for the year total aluminum consumption in the

construction, transportation and packaging industries, about 60%.
In the construction industry, due to the stability of the aluminum in the air, and the excellent appearance of anodized aluminum in the construction industry is more and more widely used,

especially in the aluminum alloy doors and windows, aluminum pipe, decorative plates aluminum curtain wall and other aspects of the application.
In transportation, in order to reduce the transport of its own weight, and reduce emissions on the environment, pollution, motorcycles, all kinds of cars, trains, subway, aircraft, vessels

and other means of transport a large number of aluminum and aluminum as a component and decorative pieces. With the continuous improvement of the hardness and strength of the alloy

processing material, the proportion used by the aerospace field is increasing every year.
In the packaging industry, various types of flexible packaging with aluminum foil, aluminum cans, all kinds of caps and easy-open lid, pharmaceutical packaging aluminum range is expanding.
In other areas of consumer electrical and electronics, household appliances (refrigerators, air conditioning), household hardware, and other aspects of usage and the use of more broad

prospects.

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Military training attention to nutrition can help maintain physicals fitness

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Freshman first lesson is military training, however, the weather in September is still unabated hot, every year some students fainted in military training on the training ground.

The experts have warned that military training should focus on nutrition, having a good first lesson.

Very important to eat breakfast

China Medical University Shengjing hospital nutrition clinic assistant researcher cars Benny teacher said that the military training during the day tired, often morning snooze too late to eat on the go training, in fact, is critical to eat breakfast.

Car teachers with new students to the University nutritious breakfast: an egg, a bag of milk, the other to eat the staple food and side dishes.

"The dishes can be a little salty that because a lot of perspiration, resulting in the loss of body sodium, the most important component of the salt is sodium." Ding Yi, Shenyang City People s Hospital of nutrition physician recommendations. Students military training, physical

Note the intake of high-quality protein

The lack of quality protein will lead to low blood pressure, but collapsed in many cases are caused due to low blood pressure.

Fish, eggs, dairy products contain high quality protein. "Car doctor said," every day to maintain at least two bags of milk, two eggs, 2 3 saury, 67 block of lean meat. "

"Some students have iron-deficiency anemia, then a week to eat the liver of two animals. Dates and black fungus can also play a role in the blood." Car doctor said. Students military training, physical

Water and fruit can not be less

Military training, a lot of movement led to the loss of minerals in the body, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, contain these minerals in a variety of vegetables and fruits to ensure that each meal intake of certain vegetables, fruits, at least half a catty , the equivalent of a Big Apple or a Peach.

Students have the best drink sports drinks and mineral water, less Coke and Sprite.

"In addition, new students can customize salt syrup 500 ml of water can put two spoonfuls of sugar, the salt into the feel slightly astringent until homemade salt and sugar to the body to provide a certain amount of calories and sodium ions, to ensure that the blood volume." Liaoning Provincial People s Feng, director of hospital emergency department quarter of the constitution says.

Quarter of the constitution Feng Director, said: "Every day at least to keep drinking the 1500 to 2000 ml of water." Military training physical

Warm-up to maintain the blood flow

Quarter, director, said the best to warm up before exercise, and stretching his arms and kick legs to promote blood circulation, do not suddenly into a violent movement.

If students fainted, it is best to let him supine, help to sit makes the brain insufficiency.

Quarter Director also recommends that leg swelling, do not exercise, because the blood vessels is likely to have blood clots, movement to accelerate the blood circulation, blood clots, easily blocking the cerebrovascular Students to maintain adequate sleep, to avoid low blood sugar can cause dizziness.

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Requirements and material selection of the underground pipe network gas valve

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Requirements of the underground pipeline valves
The gas valve installed in the underground pipe network should be able to withstand the maximum pressure of the gas distribution pipelines and, more importantly, must have sufficient stiffness that withstand the underground pipe network by a variety of external circumstances to maintain the valve deformed, and reliable to ensure the sealing performance of the valve. 1) to minimize the valve structure height (the height of the centerline of the circulation section of the valve to the valve top) to reduce the depth of pipe. 2) the top of the valve should open and close indicator equipped with a fully enclosed to facilitate the check valve in which the state is an important condition for safe operation. 3) Full Bore design, reduce the flow resistance, easy cleaning or pipe detector through a pipe, closed openings should also meet the non-stop input openings in the pipeline. 4) reliable sealing performance, soft sealing valve does not allow any perceived internal leakage in the 111 times the nominal rated pressure, hard sealing valve internal leakage is less than allowed under a pressure of 111 times the nominal rated using 13DN mm3 and / s. This requirement is more stringent, for example: 500 mm nominal diameter internal leakage of the gas valve can not be greater than 9 ml / min. External leak is absolutely impermissible. 5) The shell used in the gas valve of the underground pipe network should be corrosion-resistant, it is recommended according to the transmission medium and the use of pressure of the pipeline using a different shell material. 6) parts of the valve design should consider using low-maintenance or maintenance-free structure, to minimize the workload of repair and maintenance, and reduce maintenance of valve repair and closure of the road impact on traffic. 7) underground pipeline valve manually opening and closing of the vast majority of the requirements of the valve opening and closing torque is small, the whole number of turns is reasonable, and be able to cut off gas supply as soon as possible after the accident. 8) of urban roads under a variety of pipeline crowded and complex, not the excavation of the basement cellar well, it is recommended Buried valves.
The valve body material selection
Pressure based on the use of the gas pipeline, a reasonable selection of the valve housing material meets the safe operation of the pipeline is able to reduce the cost to make the best use of the purpose. 1) pressure Class B (12 MPa) the transmission and distribution pipeline, it is recommended that the gray cast iron valve, its biggest advantage is the good corrosion resistance, and cheap, ideal for the underground pipeline. Below 2) high-voltage Class B (18 MPa), and even pressure level (014 MPa) the following, suggested the use of ductile iron or cast steel valve, focusing on the recommended use of ductile iron. Such as: ductile iron grades QT400218 cast steel grade WCB phase, the mechanical properties of the former than the latter, while the corrosion resistance better than cast steel casting process, the price is also lower than the cast steel (70 of cast steel percent). Therefore, the overall performance of ductile iron valve and the prices are better than cast steel valves, choice of ductile iron valve as far as possible in the above-mentioned pressure range, but with particular attention to the monitoring of the ductile iron material quality. 3) high-voltage Class A (116 MPa) or higher pressure level, it is recommended to use cast steel valves, valves, the manufacturing 4MPa pressure below the level generally used in the WCB grade. 4) In recent years, local gas company to start using PE pipe, PE pipe is below the level of the 014-MPa pressure. PE ball valve has been available for the series valve can be directly buried, good sealing performance. PE ball valve price is higher, especially greater than 100mm diameter or more ball valves.

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Shanghai workers open valves: rotary lever valve

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To open the valve in the Shanghai area professional valve manufacturers, the main products are gate valve, ball valve, globe valve, valve work experience, technical personnel both decades, today I will introduce a rotating rod valve :
Rotating rod valve, also known as dark rod valve stem nut in the valve body with the media direct contact with the opening and closing valves, rotary valve stem to the sole advantage of this structure the gate valves open and close when the height does not change, therefore, smaller installation space for large diameter valves and installation space restricted pipeline, such as underground pipelines. But these valves must be installed to open and close indicator to show the valve opening. The disadvantage of this structure is the stem threads directly in contact with the media, susceptible to corrosive medium at the same time can not be lubricated, so easily damaged.

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international non-woven bags antibacterial performance test standard adjustment

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In recent years, non-woven bags antibacterial industry has developed rapidly, with Japan, the United States, Europe, China and

other countries gradually establish its antimicrobial standard system of non-woven bags and guidelines, is now available worldwide

to form a new industry. However, due to the requirements of different countries, different types of product testing methods and

the applicable products, resulting in a different assessment of antibacterial products on the same non-woven bags, also affects

the antibacterial products in international trade of non-woven bags. Therefore, we need to seek antibacterial testing standards of

the globalization of non-woven bags.

In efforts to promote the global standardization process, Japan JIS L 1902:2008 "textiles woven bags antibacterial properties test

methods" based on the organization of the European standards and international standard ISO 20743:2007 "non-woven non-woven bags

Antibacterial Finishing of textiles Toi antibacterial properties determination "to revise and adjust. This reflects the views of

many countries, it will promote the development of non-woven bags of antimicrobial textiles, to make it applicable to all over the

world. The ISO 20743 non-woven bags, antibacterial finishing of textiles – Determination of the antibacterial properties of woven

bags "Introduction to ISO 20 743" non-woven bags antibacterial finishing of textiles woven bags determination of antibacterial

properties (EN ISO 20743), was enacted in 2007. June 1. This standard with the proposal by the Japan Textile Evaluation Committee

and Japan Non-woven bags, anti-bacterial products Industrial Technology Association, established to draw on the views of national

experts, and with reference to the original version of the Japanese Industrial Standard – JIS L 1902:2002 textiles without textile

bag antibacterial properties test methods.

The ISO 20743 non-woven bags, anti-bacterial antimicrobial properties of the textile-finishing non-woven bags determination

applies to all textiles, including fabrics, fiber filled materials, sewing threads and garments, home decorations, and other

materials covering a lot of non-woven bags of antimicrobial agents types and methods. This standard combines the existing national

standards and international standards, testing standards for a wide range of products.

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